Obiota in the genus level (G), for example Bacteroides (H), Alistipes (I), and Helicobacter (J). p 0.05, p 0.01, and p 0.001.two.7 Effects of Porphyran From Porphyra haitanensis on Alleviating Hyperlipidemia in Obese MiceObesity can significantly exacerbate the progression of hyperlipidemia (Sullivan et al., 2008), which can be a primary health threat issue induced by obesity (Charlton, 2009). HFD can markedly elevated the contents of TG (p 0.05) and TC (p 0.01) in serum compared with the NCD group (Figures 7A,B). After PPH treatment, the TG and TC levels in serum had been notably reduced than those in the HFD group (p 0.01) (Figures 7A,B). Interestingly, LDL-C decreased, whilst HDL-C enhanced in serum after the PPH remedy compared with the HFD 1 (Figures 7C,D) (p 0.01). In brief, the abovementioned data indicate that PPH attenuates serological lipid accumulation in obese mice.that HFD-fed one can markedly adjust the microbiota composition inside the colon compared together with the NCD-fed a single, which was absolutely separated (Figure 8A). On the other hand, PPH therapy markedly altered the colonic microbiota distribution in mice with HFD feeding, which demonstrated that PPH might be remodeling the microbiota community within the colon (Figure 8A). Additionally, the PPH therapy substantially altered the microbiota component at the phylum (e.g., rising the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, while decreasing Firmicutes, Figures 8C ) and genus level (e.g., rising the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Alistipes, while decreasing Helicobacter, Figures 8H ) (Figures 8B,C), which have been additional comparable to that with the NCD group. Altogether, these data demonstrate that colonic micro-ecosystem in obese mice may be correctly regulated by PPH therapy.2.eight Effects of Porphyran From Porphyra haitanensis on Modulating Colonic Microbiota in Obese MiceObesity was characterized by gut microbiota disorder (DiBaise et al., 2008). Also, we demonstrated the effects of PPH on colonic microbiota homeostasis in HFD-fed mice. PCoA evaluation indicated2.9 Porphyran From Porphyra haitanensis Therapy Induced Colonic Microbiota Phylotype ChangesTo clarify the effects of PPH supplement around the regulation of bacterial taxa inside the colon, LEfSe evaluation was conducted betweenFrontiers in Pharmacology | frontiersin.NES Protein MedChemExpress orgJuly 2022 | Volume 13 | ArticleWang et al.C-MPL, Human (HEK293, His) Porphyran Alleviates ObesityFIGURE 9 | Effects of PPH therapy on phylotypes of colonic microbiota and its correlation with physiological parameters.PMID:25429455 LEfSe comparison of colonic microbiota amongst the HFD along with the PPH group: Taxa enriched within the HFD group (dark blue) and PPH group (orange) (A); only these meeting the LDA score threshold 2 are listed (B). Heat map of Spearman’s correlations involving colonic bacteria and TC, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C (C). Correlation involving biomarkers and microbial species was visualized by colour depth: the darker the colour, the greater the relevance. + p 0.05 and p 0.01.the HFD and PPH groups. It indicated that PPH decreased the degree of Firmicutes, which includes Clostridium XIV, Veillonella, and Helicobacter, though notably increasing Bacteroidetes, which includes Alloprevotella, Roseburia, Corynebacterium, and Alistipes (Figures 9A,B). Additionally, PPH remedy increased the relative abundance of Corynebacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Rikenellacea, when a reduction in Veillonellaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae was observed. Furthermore, obese mice had a conspicuously elevated a.
