**Background** Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition characterized by the nonmalignant growth of the prostate gland, which often leads to lower urinary tract symptoms and impaired bladder emptying.…
**Background** Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, often driven by the dysregulation of estrogen signaling. The estrogen receptor (ER), comprising subtypes ERα and ERβ, plays a…
**Background** Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a critical molecule in cellular biology, serving as the messenger between DNA and protein synthesis. However, RNA is highly susceptible to degradation by ribonucleases (RNases),…
**Background** Cancer remains a global health challenge, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and the evasion of apoptosis. Many malignancies, including prostate, breast, and cervical cancers, rely on the activation of…
The long-term management of children with Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) hinges on effective follow-up and reliable outcome assessment, yet no standardized protocol has previously existed. This consensus document, developed…